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Pac Bo Cave isn’t grand in size, but its story echoes far beyond its stone walls. This modest shelter in Vietnam’s far north served as the first headquarters of President Ho Chi Minh after returning from decades abroad, marking the beginning of a historic journey toward independence. To visit Pac Bo is not just to see a cave, but to walk alongside the memory of revolution, resilience, and a deep-rooted love for the homeland.
Nestled in the serene landscape of Vietnam’s northern mountains, Pac Bo Cave is a destination steeped in historical significance and natural beauty.
Pac Bo Cave is located in Truong Ha Commune, Ha Quang District, approximately 50 kilometers from Cao Bang City. While the cave’s traditional name in the local Nung language is Coc Bo, meaning “headwaters”, it is commonly referred to as Pac Bo because it lies within the Pac Bo Historical Site.
The area is surrounded by rugged mountains, dense forests, and pristine streams, creating a natural fortress that once protected revolutionary activities. Visitors to the site are not only greeted by striking landscapes but also by the quiet weight of history embedded in every rock and tree.
Pac Bo Cave is situated within the Pac Bo Historical Site (Source: Internet)
Location of Pac Bo Cave on Google Maps (Source: Internet)
Pac Bo Cave holds a unique place in Vietnam’s revolutionary timeline. In early 1941, after 30 years abroad seeking ways to liberate the country, President Ho Chi Minh secretly returned to Vietnam and chose this remote cave as his base of operations. Here, he lived and worked in the harsh mountain conditions, drafting important documents, organizing revolutionary activities, and laying the groundwork for the country’s eventual independence.
The cave and the surrounding relics, such as Lenin Stream, Karl Marx Mountain, and his simple stone table, have since become powerful symbols of resilience, self-reliance, and national pride. Pac Bo has been designated as a Special National Relic Site, making it a must-visit for anyone interested in Vietnam’s path to freedom.
The cave stands as a nationally recognized heritage site that honors Vietnam’s revolutionary legacy and inspires modern patriotism (Source: Internet)
Visiting Pac Bo Cave is both affordable and accessible for all types of travelers. Below are the current ticket prices:
With entrance fees under USD 1, Pac Bo offers an affordable yet meaningful cultural experience for visitors of all ages (Source: Internet)
If you’re planning to visit Pac Bo Cave, here are 6 interesting facts and experiences that will enrich your journey and deepen your appreciation for this iconic site.
A common point of confusion for first-time visitors is the name: Is it Pac Bo Cave or Coc Bo Cave? The answer is both, but with a meaningful distinction. “Pac Bo” means “mouth of the source” in the local Nung language, and it refers to the entire region, which is now recognized as the Pac Bo Special National Historical Site.
Meanwhile, “Coc Bo”, meaning “headwaters”, is the actual name of the cave where President Ho Chi Minh lived and worked in early 1941.
Many travelers are surprised to learn that Pac Bo Cave is actually called Coc Bo Cave, meaning “headwaters” in the Nung language (Source: Internet)
This small cave, only large enough for a person to enter at a time, holds powerful historical artifacts (Source: Internet)
Pac Bo’s remote, mountainous terrain wasn’t just beautiful, it was strategic. In 1941, Ho Chi Minh chose it as the first revolutionary base upon his return to Vietnam after decades abroad. Its secluded location near the Chinese border allowed for discreet operations, while the locals' support made it a safe haven.
While exploring, take a moment at Lenin Stream or Karl Marx Peak – symbolic names given by Ho Chi Minh himself to the surrounding features. No extra fee is required to visit these iconic landmarks.
Pac Bo’s remote and strategic location made it the perfect base for revolutionary planning during Vietnam’s fight for independence (Source: Internet)
Many important decisions of the country were made by Uncle Ho during his time in the Pac Bo cave (Source: Internet)
One of the most moving sights inside Coc Bo Cave is a charcoal inscription on the cave wall, written by Ho Chi Minh himself: “Nhat cuu tu nhat nien, nhi nguyet bach nhat”. In ancient Chinese script, it reads: “February 8, 1941” – marking the exact day he began living and working in the cave. Seeing the handwriting up close is a powerful, personal connection to history.
Photography is allowed, but visitors are kindly asked not to touch the wall.
Visitors can still see Uncle Ho’s charcoal inscription marking the exact date he arrived at Coc Bo Cave in 1941 (Source: Internet)
During his time living in Coc Bo Cave, Ho Chi Minh composed several poems capturing both the hardship and natural beauty of the area. Two of the most famous are “Tuc canh Pac Bo” (A Scene at Pac Bo), a humorous and reflective poem written by Ho Chi Minh about his simple daily life in the cave and “Pac Bo hung vi” (Majestic Pac Bo), a piece praising the grandeur and historical significance of the site.
Today, visitors can come across these poems printed on signs throughout the site, nestled among the rocks, or posted near the cave entrance. These verses blend a calm, almost humorous tone with revolutionary resolve and the leader’s spirit during a crucial moment in national history.
During his time in Pac Bo, President Ho Chi Minh wrote poetry, reflecting both his revolutionary spirit and deep appreciation for nature (Source: Internet)
Where Uncle Ho often sat fishing in front of the Pac Bo cave (Source: Internet)
Many of the personal items used by Ho Chi Minh during his stay are still preserved at the site. From the wooden bed he rested on to the stone table where he worked, a fireplace, etc., each artifact tells a silent story of dedication and simplicity. These relics are displayed in their original locations inside the cave and nearby areas.
Visitors can approach them closely (though not touch), making the experience feel almost like stepping into the past. Everything is included in the standard entry, no need to buy additional tickets.
Inside the cave, historic items like Ho Chi Minh’s wooden bed and stone desk are carefully preserved, offering a personal look into his daily life (Source: Internet)
The stone table where Uncle Ho often worked by Lenin's stream (Source: Internet)
Pac Bo was more than a hideout – it was a command center. It hosted the 8th Central Party Conference, saw the translation of “History of the Russian Communist Party”, and became the birthplace of the Vietnam Propaganda Liberation Army Team. Standing in the same spot where these pivotal decisions were made gives visitors a profound sense of how history can unfold in the most humble of places. Consider joining a guided tour (with an extra fee) for deeper insight – many guides are local experts with moving personal stories to share.
Painting of leader Nguyen Ai Quoc working at the source of Lenin stream - Pac Bo (Source: Internet)
Pac Bo Cave welcomes visitors all year round with its tranquil charm and historical significance, but choosing the right time to visit can make your experience even more memorable. Here's what you should know about the best hours and seasons to explore this national treasure.
1 - Best Time of Day to Visit
For the most pleasant and safe experience, it’s recommended to visit Pac Bo Cave between 08:00 AM and 11:00 AM. During this time, the air is still cool, the sunlight filters softly through the mountain trees, and the Lenin Stream glows its iconic turquoise under natural light, perfect for sightseeing and photography.
Avoid visiting too late in the afternoon (after 04:00 PM), especially if you're not familiar with mountain terrain. As the sun sets, visibility along the winding roads and forest paths can decrease, and sudden mist or humidity may cause slippery surfaces.
The ideal time to explore Pac Bo Cave is between 08:00 AM and 11:00 AM, when the weather is pleasant and lighting is perfect (Source: Internet)
2 - Best Season to Visit
While Pac Bo has its own beauty in every season, the ideal time to visit is from September to May. This period offers mild temperatures, dry weather, and scenic landscapes, making travel easier and safer, especially on the mountainous roads. During these months, the Lenin Stream appears at its most beautiful, with calm, jade-green waters perfect for contemplation and photography.
The rainy season (June to August) brings fewer visitors due to slippery paths and cloudy stream waters, which can hide the iconic turquoise hue. If you plan to visit during this time, be prepared with non-slip hiking shoes and rain gear. That said, the lush greenery and dramatic water flows during the rainy season reveal a different, more majestic side of Pac Bo's wilderness.
From September to May, the weather is dry, the paths are easier to navigate, and the Lenin Stream reveals its iconic turquoise beauty (Source: Internet)
Pac Bo Cave does not have a nearby airport, so travelers from other regions or abroad will first need to fly into Noi Bai International Airport (Hanoi). From there, you can travel to Cao Bang City by long-distance bus, private car, or taxi. The most common route is via National Highway 3, which passes through Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan before reaching Cao Bang. This road is scenic and favored by drivers for its relative ease and safety.
1 - Getting from Cao Bang City to the Pac Bo Historical Site
From the city center, take National Highway 3 toward Ha Quang District, then turn onto provincial road DT208, which is well-paved and easy to follow. You can travel this 50km route by car, motorbike, or rent a motorbike locally – a popular choice for adventurous young travelers looking to explore the mountainous terrain.
The Pac Bo Historical Site is located in Pac Bo Village, Truong Ha Commune, Ha Quang District, about 52 km north of Cao Bang City (Source: Internet)
2 - Getting from the Pac Bo Historical Site to Pac Bo Cave
Once you arrive at the Pac Bo Historical Site, you can rent an electric buggy to explore the site comfortably. From the village gate, follow the route passing by Lenin Stream and Karl Marx Mountain, then go through the security checkpoint. After a short walk, you’ll see a signpost pointing to Coc Bo Cave.
From this point, it’s a 600-meter walk along a stone-paved trail that is slightly rugged and uneven. One of the most symbolic and meaningful parts of the journey is climbing 79 stone steps that lead up to the cave entrance. These steps represent 79 spring seasons of President Ho Chi Minh’s life – a small yet powerful tribute to his legacy.
From the signpost, it’s a 600-meter walk along a slightly uneven stone-paved path (Source: Internet)
All of the following sites are located within the Pac Bo Historical Site in Truong Ha commune, Ha Quang district, Cao Bang province. They are closely connected to President Ho Chi Minh’s revolutionary life and are easily accessible from Pac Bo Cave.
Lenin Stream lies right at the foot of the mountain that leads to Pac Bo Cave. The stream is known for its stunning turquoise water during the dry season. Visitors can enjoy a peaceful walk along the banks, take photos, or simply admire the tranquil landscape. It’s an ideal spot for nature lovers and families seeking a serene experience. Entry is included in the main ticket to the Pac Bo Site.
Lenin Stream is famous for its turquoise-blue water (Source: Internet)
Positioned just above Lenin Stream and opposite the trail to Pac Bo Cave, Karl Marx Mountain is named after the renowned philosopher. The mountain offers scenic views and is a great place for photography, especially when capturing both the stream and the surrounding limestone cliffs. It’s best suited for those who enjoy short hikes or light trekking. There’s no separate fee for visiting this site as it is part of the historical site complex.
Located about 1km from Pac Bo Cave, this memorial temple is built on the sacred Tenh Chay Mountain. It serves as a solemn space to honor the legacy of President Ho Chi Minh. Visitors can offer incense, explore the architecture, and reflect on his life and contributions.
The temple is ideal for visitors of all ages, especially those interested in Vietnamese history and culture (Source: Internet)
Approximately 1km from Pac Bo Cave, Khuoi Nam Shack is where President Ho Chi Minh lived the longest during his stay in Pac Bo. To reach this historic site, visitors follow a winding trail that hugs the mountainside and gradually climbs in elevation. The path has been upgraded with stone paving to ensure a safer and more comfortable walk. This stop is especially meaningful for those interested in exploring the revolutionary life of Uncle Ho, and the visit is already included in the general admission ticket to the Pac Bo Historical Site.
Other notable attractions inside the Pac Bo Historical Site include the Border Milestone 108 (marking the Vietnam–China border), Ly Quoc Sung's house foundation, the stone table where President Ho Chi Minh worked, Lung Lan cave, Nguom Vai cave (both on Karl Marx mountain), the symbolic Km0 milestone of the Ho Chi Minh Trail, etc. All of these are free to explore once inside the heritage area.
Pac Bo Cave is a journey into Vietnam’s revolutionary past, where breathtaking nature meets historical depth. Every step in Pac Bo offers visitors a deeper appreciation for the legacy of President Ho Chi Minh. Whether you're a history lover, a nature enthusiast, or simply seeking a peaceful escape, Pac Bo promises an unforgettable experience in the serene mountains of Cao Bang.
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Passengers are required to have adequate travel documents for all flights on all concerned airlines and to abide by national laws and regulations. Vietnam Airlines does not take responsible if passengers are denied entry into any country.
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