Hoa Lu Ancient Capital – The Golden Landmark of a Heroic Era

Hoa Lu Ancient Capital was the first capital of Vietnam in the 10th century. Visiting Hoa Lu, you have the chance to explore ancient architectural wonders, admire the majestic temples of King Dinh and King Le, and immerse yourself in traditional festivals. This article will guide you through the most remarkable attractions, the glorious history, and the unique cultural heritage of this ancient capital.

1. An Overview of Hoa Lu Ancient Capital

Hoa Lu Ancient Capital is a historically significant site, once the political and cultural center of Vietnam during the 10th and early 11th centuries. Here is basic information of Hoa Lu Ancient Capital, providing you the location, opening hours, entrance fees and transportations to travel to this place.

Hoa Lu Ancient Capital is located in Truong Yen Commune, Hoa Lu District, Ninh Binh Province, Vietnam. It lies within the core area of the Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex, offering both historical significance and stunning natural beauty.

The gate of Hoa Lu Ancient Capital (Source: Internet)

Hoa Lu Ancient Capital is located in Truong Yen Commune, Hoa Lu District, Ninh Binh Province (Source: Internet)

Visitors should note the following details before planning your trip:

• Entrance fee: 20,000 VND/person
• Opening hours: 07:00 AM - 5:00 PM daily

There are several ways to travel from Hanoi to the ancient capital of Hoa Lu (Ninh Binh), including by coach/bus, car, motorbike, or train. You can choose the most suitable option based on your needs and budget. Below is a detailed guide:

• By coach or bus: The trip to Ninh Binh Bus Station takes about 2 - 2.5 hours, costing around 70,000 - 90,000 VND per person.
• Private car or taxi: Driving from Hanoi to Hoa Lu via the Phap Van - Cau Gie - Ninh Binh Expressway takes about 1.5 - 2 hours, with a toll fee of 90,000 - 120,000 VND.
• By motorbike: For a more adventurous journey, you can ride along National Highway 1A (it takes about 2.5 hours). Expect to spend around 80,000 - 100,000 VND on fuel, and 120,000 - 200,000 VND per day to rent a motorbike. Note: Foreign visitors must have an International Driving Permit (IDP) to rent and ride legally.
• By train: Departing from Hanoi Station, the train takes about two hours to reach Ninh Bình Station, with ticket prices starting at 100,000 VND. From the station, you’ll need to take a taxi or motorbike taxi to Hoa Lu, costing around 50,000 VND.

Visitors can travel to Ninh Binh from Hanoi by train (Source: Internet)

Traveling to Hoa Lu Ancient Capital by motorbike allows tourists to fully explore the area at their own pace (Source: Internet)

2. History of Hoa Lu Ancient Capital – The Nation’s Glorious Legacy

Hoa Lu Ninh Binh was not only the first capital of Dai Co Viet but also a witness to a crucial period in the nation's history. Over more than 40 years, this land bore significant events that laid the foundation for the country's development.

• In 968, after unifying the country by defeating the Twelve Warlords, Dinh Bo Linh ascended the throne, established the Dinh dynasty, and chose Hoa Lu as the capital of Dai Co Viet - the first official name of Vietnam.
• In 980, following the assassination of King Dinh Tien Hoang and his son Dinh Lien, Le Hoan took the throne, founded the Early Le dynasty, and continued to rule from Hoa Lu, maintaining it as the political and military center.
• In 1009, Ly Cong Uan became emperor, marking the beginning of the Ly dynasty.
• In 1010, King Ly Thai To decided to relocate the capital from Hoa Lu to Dai La, later renamed Thang Long (now Hanoi), marking a pivotal moment in the nation's history. From then on, Hoa Lu became the ancient capital, preserving numerous historical structures and relics.

The history of Hoa Lu Old Town (Source: Internet)

Covering approximately 300 hectares, Hoa Lu Ancient Village is not only historically significant but also a harmonious blend of nature and culture. It was recognized as World Cultural and Natural Heritage by UNESCO in 2014.

Hoa Lu Ancient Capital was recognized as World Cultural and Natural Heritage by UNESCO in 2014 (Source: Internet)

In the hearts of the Vietnamese people, Hoa Lu is more than just an ancient land – it is a symbol of resilience and patriotism. Its temples, ancient walls, and natural landscapes serve as reminders of a glorious past, evoking a deep sense of pride in a brave and indomitable nation for every visitor who sets foot here.

3. Uncover the Timeless Relics of Hoa Lu Ancient Capital

Hoa Lu Ancient Capital is not only a historical site but also a place where Vietnam’s rich heritage comes to life. Here, you can explore centuries-old temples, sacred pagodas, and hidden caves, each holding fascinating stories of the nation’s past.

3.1. The Majestic King Dinh Tien Hoang Temple

Built in the 17th century, King Dinh Tien Hoang Temple is one of the most remarkable architectural structures of Hoa Lu Ancient Capital. The complex features key elements such as the Ngo Mon Gate, lotus pond, garden, Outer and Inner Gates, and three main halls: Bai Duong, Thien Huong, and Hau Cung.

Inside the Hau Cung hall, statues of King Dinh Tien Hoang and his sons are enshrined. The temple also preserves valuable relics, including a pair of stone guardian elephants and intricately carved stone thrones at the Dragon Courtyard.

The Majestic King Dinh Tien Hoang Temple (Source: Internet)

3.2. The Revered King Le Dai Hanh Temple

King Le Dai Hanh Temple (about 500m from King Dinh Tien Hoang Temple), built to honor Emperor Le Dai Hanh. The complex includes the Ngo Mon Gate, Bai Duong Hall, Thien Huong Hall, and Hau Cung, where statues of Le Dai Hanh, Queen Duong Van Nga, and their son Le Long Dinh are enshrined. Visitors can admire intricate carvings of dragons, phoenixes, and floral motifs, reflecting the artistic excellence of the time.

The King Le Dai Hanh Temple with ancient architecture (Source: Internet)

3.3. The Tranquil Nhat Tru Pagoda

Nhat Tru Pagoda, or "One-Pillar Pagoda", dates back to the 10th century and is one of Vietnam’s oldest Buddhist temples. The most distinctive feature is a stone pillar engraved with Buddhist scriptures, symbolizing the spread of Buddhism during the Dinh and Le dynasties.

Nhat Tru Pagoda attracts thousands of Buddhists (Source: Internet)

3.4. The Mysterious Am Tien Cave

Hidden behind towering limestone mountains, Am Tien Cave is poetically called the "valley of broken hearts" of the ancient capital. It is located about 500m north of King Dinh Temple, forming a closed valley surrounded by 100m-high vertical cliffs. Its most remarkable feature is a natural freshwater lake covering 5,000m² with crystal-clear water year-round.

It is said that this was where King Dinh Tien Hoang kept tigers to punish rebels, evidenced by a large stone slab called the "execution block".

Am Tien Cave is poetically called the "valley of broken hearts" of the ancient capital (Source: Internet)

Tourists leave positive feedback about their experiences at Hoa Lu Ancient Capital (Source: Internet)

4. Must-Try Experiences When Visiting Hoa Lu Ancient Capital

4.1. Immerse Yourself in the Breathtaking Natural Beauty of Vietnam

Nestled within a majestic natural landscape and encircled by towering limestone mountains, Hoa Lu Ancient Capital offers visitors the opportunity to admire its beauty free of charge:

• Stroll through ancient relics: Historic sites like the temples of King Dinh Tien Hoang and King Le Dai Hanh are nestled among imposing limestone formations, creating a majestic and sacred atmosphere.
• Climb Ma Yen Mountain for a panoramic view: From the peak of Ma Yen Son, where King Dinh Tien Hoang’s tomb is located, you can take in a stunning view of the entire ancient capital.
• Admire the winding Hoang Long River: More than just a peaceful waterway, this river once served as a crucial defensive barrier in the past.

A stunning view of Ma Yen mountain (Source: Internet)

4.2. Discover the Vibrant Annual Festivals of Hoa Lu

The Hoa Lu Festival, held annually from the 8th to the 10th day of the third lunar month, is the most important traditional event at Hoa Lu Ancient Capital. It honors kings and national heroes through solemn ceremonies like the Water Procession, Fire Procession, and statue bathing of King Dinh and King Le.

The festive part features lively activities such as folk games, the Co Lau Battle Reenactment, wrestling, lion dances, boat racing, and Cheo singing. Visitors should arrive early, wear comfortable and respectful clothing, and park near the temples or local homes. Be prepared for large crowds and plan accordingly.

Hoa Lu Ancient Capital holds numerous traditional festivals to honor and commemorate the kings and national heroes (Source: Internet)

4.3. Wear Traditional Vietnamese Costumes

Wearing traditional Vietnamese costumes like the ao dai or royal outfits at Hoa Lu Ancient Capital offers a unique way to connect with Vietnam’s heritage. Rentals are available near the temples or in Ninh Binh city, with prices ranging from 100,000 - 150,000 VND for an ao dai and 150,000 - 250,000 VND for royal attire. Accessories cost 30,000 - 50,000 VND.

For the best photos, visit in the morning or late afternoon, and always dress respectfully when entering cultural or religious sites.

People wear traditional Vietnamese costumes (Source: Internet)

4.4. Enjoy Mouth-Watering Ninh Binh Cuisines

When setting foot in the ancient land of Hoa Lu, don't forget to experience the local cuisine with many unique and flavorful dishes. Here are some must-try specialties when visiting Ninh Binh:

• Ninh Binh Mountain Goat (Thang Long Restaurant - 848 Tran Hung Dao, Ninh Binh City): A signature dish of the region, Ninh Binh's mountain goat meat is prepared in various styles, including grilled, steamed, or served with lemon.
• Ninh Binh Crispy Rice (Co Nam Crispy Rice Shop at Le Hong Phong Street, Ninh Binh City): This crunchy rice dish is often enjoyed with shredded pork floss or a rich goat meat sauce. You can buy Ninh Binh Crispy Rice for gifts at)
• Ninh Binh Mountain Snails (Dung Pho Nui Restaurant at 15 Trang An, Ninh Binh City): Found in the limestone mountains, these snails have a naturally sweet and chewy texture, often steamed with lemongrass or stir-fried with tamarind.

Ninh Binh local cuisine with many unique and flavorful dishes (Source: Internet)

5. Essential Tips for Visiting Hoa Lu Ancient Capital

If this is your first visit to Hoa Lu Ancient Capital, keep these tips in mind for a smooth and memorable trip:

• Dress appropriately: When visiting the temples of King Dinh Tien Hoang and King Le Dai Hanh, avoid wearing shorts, skirts above the knee, tank tops, or off-shoulder shirts. If you are not dressed appropriately, you can rent an ao dai (Vietnamese traditional dress) or a scarf at the entrance.
• Follow regulations: Do not touch artifacts, keep the area clean, and do not write, draw, or carve on walls or historical objects.
• Keep an eye on your belongings: As the site attracts many visitors, you should wear your backpack or bag in front to avoid pickpockets and avoid carrying too much cash or valuable jewelry unless necessary.
• Check Hoa Lu Ancient Capital map: To save time and effort while ensuring you don’t miss key spots like the Temple of King Dinh Tien Hoang, the Temple of King Le Dai Hanh, the Ancient City Gate, and Ngoc Well, prepare a map beforehand. You can also ask for a paper map at the ticket booth.
• Best time to visit: Ninh Binh has two ideal seasons for visiting which are Spring (February - April) with many festivals and Autumn (September - November) with little rain.

You should avoid wearing shorts, skirts above the knee, tank tops, or off-shoulder shirts when visiting the temples or pagodas (Source: Internet)

6. Nearby Attractions You Shouldn’t Miss

After visiting Hoa Lu Ancient City, you shouldn’t miss these destinations, which can leave you unforgettable moments in Ninh Binh:

• Hoa Lu Ancient Town (Truong Yen Commune, Hoa Lu District, Ninh Binh): A beautifully recreated old quarter where you can stroll through traditional houses, admire ancient architecture, and experience the nostalgic charm of Vietnam’s feudal era, especially when illuminated at night.
• Tam Coc (Ninh Hai Commune, Hoa Lu District, Ninh Binh): Known as “Halong Bay on land”, this stunning destination offers a breathtaking boat ride along the Ngo Dong River, passing through three limestone caves and lush rice fields, creating a picture-perfect natural wonder.
• Bai Dinh Pagoda (Gia Vien District, Ninh Binh Province): Bai Dinh Pagoda is one of Vietnam’s most renowned spiritual and cultural landmarks. It is a blend of ancient and modern Vietnamese Buddhist architecture, set amidst stunning limestone mountains and lush landscapes.
• Thung Nham Bird Park (Hai Nham Hamlet, Ninh Hai Commune, Hoa Lu District, Ninh Binh): Nestled in the heart of Ninh Binh, Thung Nham Bird Park is a peaceful haven where visitors can witness thousands of birds in their natural habitat. Surrounded by limestone mountains and lush forests, it offers a tranquil escape into nature.

You can experience the nostalgic charm of Vietnam’s feudal era, especially when illuminated at night at Hoa Lu Ancient Town (Source: Internet)

Admiring breathtaking scenery at Tam Coc - Bich Dong is an unmissable activity when you visit Ninh Binh (Source: Internet)

Bai Dinh Pagoda is one of Vietnam’s most renowned spiritual and cultural landmarks (Source: Internet)

To sum up, Hoa Lu Ancient Capital is a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and nature lovers alike. As the first capital of Vietnam, it offers a unique blend of ancient relics, breathtaking landscapes, and a deep sense of cultural heritage. Hopefully, the information above has provided you with valuable insights to plan an unforgettable journey to this historic site.

If you’re planning your next adventure to Ninh Binh, make your trip even more seamless by booking your flight with Vietnam Airlines. With top-notch services, comfortable seats, and convenient flight schedules, Vietnam Airlines ensures a smooth and enjoyable travel experience. Book your tickets now and embark on a journey to uncover the timeless beauty of Hoa Lu Ancient Capital!